Method of producing spray nozzles



Aug. 26, 1924. J. JAVORSKY METHOD oF PRoDucING SPRAY NozzLEs Filed Oct. 6, 1919 Patented Aug. 26, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. l

JOSEPH JAVORSKY, F WEST ALLIS, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO ALLIS-CH MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION 0I'A DELAWARE.

METHOD 0F PRODUCING SPRAY NOZZLES.

Application led October 6, 1919. Serial No. 329,405.

To all whom it may comm:

Beit known that J osnrn J Avonsnr, a citizen of Czechoslovakia, residing at West Allis, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, has invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Method of Producing Spray Nozzles, of which the following is a specification.

This invention .relates in general to im- 0 provenients in the construction of nozzles for spraying liquids, and especially to an improved method of producing or constructing such nozzles.

An object of the invention is to provide .5 a simple and eflicient method ofA producing a compact nozzle structure which is capableI of efficiently producing a homogeneous spray of atomized liquid.

It has been found that a homogeneous i0 spra of atomized liquid, may readily be ro ueed bycausin the liquid to swirl and y subsequently dehvering the swirling liquid through a constricted orifice. Swirling motion of the liquid is ordinarily Aeffected Il by forcing a stream of the liquid through a passage having one or` more helical vanes therein. By permitting the swirling liquid to escape into free. space through a constricted orilice located adjacent the discharge ends of the swirl producing vanes, a frusto-concal spray of atomi' .ed liquid of relatively uniform homogeneity results. Such a spray of liquid is desirable for various purposes, such as for cooling liquids, l5 for delivery of liquid fuel in-atomized form to internal combustion engines, for delivery of coating pigments to surfaces, and for many other purposes.

It is a. relatively simple matter to con- 40 struct s ray nozzles provided with helical vanes flir swirling liquid preparatory to atomization thereof, when such nozzles are of sufcient size to permit casting or other ready formation of the vanes. Considerable difficulty is however encountered when it is attempted to cast' or otherwise form relatively small nozzle elements having' helical vanes therein the thickness of which is less than 1,/8 of an inch. In places where high 5 temperatures are encountered, as for. 1n-

stance in f desirable to have the nozzle structure capable of withstanding relatively high temperatures, thus making it desirable to have the internal combustion engines, it is' nozzles constructed of steel or the like. l Due to the helical formation of the vanes of these nozzle elements lit has heretofore'been impossible to form the same by other procv esses than casting. The difficulties of producing steel castingsof limited thicknesses are well known to those skilled in the art and the process of casting these .smallnozzle elements has proven unsuccessful as the cast vanes were generally imperfect.

The present invention besides relating to* an improved construction of nozzle, relates'- to a process whereby nozzles having helical .v

A clear conception of one formof'nozzle j forming the subject of the present invention as well as one process of producing such noz-l zles may be had by referring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the various views.

Fig. 1 represents an enlarged elevation of a partially machined block of metal such as is employed in constructing a nozzle.

Fig. 2 is a similar enlar ed 'end view of the partially machined bloc of metal.

- Fig. 3 "is a similar enlarged end view of the block of metal showin straight varies formed in the central t ugh paage thereof.

Fig. 4 is a similar enlarged end view of the block of metal vshowing straight vanes formed in the central through passage thereof and showing these vanes cut away at their g forward inner edges.

Fig. 5 is a similar enlarged end view of tion thereof twisted relatively to the rear.l

the block of metal showing the forward porportion thereof through an angle of 215.

Fgl6 is a side elevation, actual -size of a nozzle element constructed in accordance with the present invention showing the same cut from the original block of metal which is shown in dot and dash lines.

Fig. 7 is an end view, actual size, ofa v complete nozzle element.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged transverse sectional view through a com leted nozzle elementl the section through e outer casingbein taken along a central vertical plane, an

through the vanes being taken along the outer edges thereof at the periphery of the through passage. i

Fig. 9 is a transverse vertical section through a completed nozzle of reduced size, showing the relative position of the vaned element and the remainder of the nozzle structure.

The present invention relates particularly to the construction and formation of the portion of a spray nozzle in which the liquid is given a swirling motion. `As previousl stated, such swirling motion is imparte to the liquid by means of a plurality of vanes 11 which may either be formed directly within the main nozzle casing or in a secondary casing which with the nozzle assembled is located Within the main nozzle casing. As shown in the drawing and particularly in Fig. 8, the nozzle element when completed, consists of a cylindrical outer casing 10 having a through passage formed as a cylindrical bore through the center thereof. In the forward portion of 'this through passage is located a series of four vanes 11, the rear portion 5. being a. cylindrical unobstructed bore. The rear portions of the vanes 11 are substantially parallel to the central axis of the through passage of the element. The forward portions 12 of the vanes 11 are of helical formation, the helices being of gradually decreasing pitch as they approach the nozzle discharge. The rear parallel portions of the vanes 11 meet at the axial center of the element while the forward helical portions 12 of the vanes are spaced apart by virtue of the formation of the hole 9 at the inner forward edges of the vanes. The casing 1.0 `is formed for insertion within a main nozzle casing 13 of usual construction, and is held within this main casing 13 in any suitable manner. The main casing 13 is provided with a mixing chamber 14 and a constricted dischar e orifice 15 located at the delivery ends o the swirl producing vanes 11.

The process of forming the nozzle elementshown in its completed form in Fig. 8, is as follows:

A rectangular prismatic block of metal such as mild steel, is first machined to the form shown in Fig. 1 with two rectangular prismatic portions 2, 4 se arated by a tapered circular rtion 3 o reduced cross sectional area. e rear end portion 2 of the metallic block is provided with an unobstructed b ore15, while the forward portion 4 of the block is rovided with an unobstructed bore 7. he bores 5, 7 are connected by means of four drilled holes spaced equi-distant apart and symmetrically arranged about the axis of the block, these holes forming through passages within the block. After the holes 6 have been formed the walls thereof are broached or otherwise dressed to form substantially triangular passages which are separated by four radiating centrally-united straight vanes 8 as shown in Fig. 3. -When the straight vanes 8 have been thus formed the forward inner ends thereof are spaced apart by drilling a hole 9 at the intersection of the vanes. With the block thus formed, the neck portion 3 is heated so as to permit twisting of the block at the locally reduced portion 3. The block is then clutched at the portions 2, 4 and is twisted at the reduced portion 3 through an angle of approximately 215, this angle depending upon the pitch of vane desired. During this twisting of the block, the vanes 8 are distorted to give them helical shapes. Due to the tapered formation of the portion 3 of the block the forward ends of the vanes will be twisted to a greatel.1 extent than the rear portions thereof, thus producing vanes which at their rear portions are substantially parallel to the axis of the block and which at their forward portions 12 are of helical formation with gradually decreasing pitch. After the block has been thus twisted, the excess metal is cut away leaving the completed nozzle element shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. It may be necessary to somewhat dress the inner surface of the bore 5 of the element after the twisting operation has been performed, but the vanes are finished in their entirety by the twisting operation and cannot be dressed to any substantial extent after they have been once twisted.

It has been found that this process of forming the swirl producing vanes 11 is exceedingly eiicient and is relativel simple. The vanes can be properly forme regardless of their thickness and of the minute size.

of the nozzle. The formation of the hole 9 adjacent the ends of the vanes permits these vanes to be twisted more readily than if the vanes remain connected at their inner forward portions.

During the operation of the nozzle the liquid under pressure is admitted to the rear portion of the nozzle and is forced past the helical vanes 11. In passing the vanes 11 the liquid is given a swirling motion, the swirlin mass of liquid being delivered from the en mixing chamber 14. In the mixing chamber 14 the rapidly swirling mass of liquid is thoroughly mixed and its velocit increased as`it approaches the orifice 15. pon being delivered from the orifice 15 the liquid mass is suddenly expanded and forms a homogeneous spray of atomized liquid of frustoconical shapeu It will be noted that as the liquid passes through the spaces between the vanes 11 its velocity is increased at the same time that it 1s given the swirling motion.

portions 12 ofthe vanes into the` This increase in velocity results 1 moanifrom the decreasing pitch of the helical vanes and assists the walls of the mixing chamber 14 in producing maximum velocity of the liquid before being ejected from the nozzle,

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit the invention to the lexact details of construction herein shown or to the exact steps of the rocess herein described, for various modi cations may occur to persons skilled in the art.

t is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent: Y v

l; .The method of producing spray nozzle elements, which com rises, forming a casing with a conduit an a vane extending inwardly toward the axis of said conduit, and twisting said casing to distort said vane.

2. The method of producing spray nozzle elements, which comprises, forming a casing .with a conduit and a lurality of centrally 'united vanes within sald conduit, and twisting said casing to distort said vanes.

3. The method vof producing spray nozzle elements, which comprises, forming a casing ing portion of reduced cross sectional area i adjacent to one portion of said vanes, heat in said casing adjacent to the portion of re uced cross sectional area, and twisting said casing adjacent to the heated portion to distort said vanes.

5. The method of producing spray nozzle elements, which comprises, forming a casing with a conduit and with a plurality of centrally united vanes within said conduit, heatmg said casing, twisting said casing to distort said vanes, and removing the direct union between said vanes at the center of said conduit. v

- In testimon whereof, the signature of th inventor is a xed hereto.

JOSEPH J AVORSKY. 

